The answer
Heat pumps transfer heat rather than burning fuel, delivering 300%–400% COP efficiency. Cold-climate inverter heat pumps operate down to -15°F. In extreme cold zones, dual-fuel systems pair heat pumps with gas furnaces. Federal IRA Section 25C provides up to $2,000 in tax credits plus utility rebates.
Sources
This answer is drawn from the standards and guidance below. It is general information about how these systems work — not a diagnosis of your property.